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Robert F. Graboyes's avatar

In the 1980s, I was Chase Manhattan Bank's economist for Sub-Saharan Africa. When I took the job, I immersed myself in writings about the continent. One of the recurring themes was the irrationality of the borders--just about all of which were drawn by European colonial powers. One nation might include ethnicities who differed by language, religion, and history; and some of those thrown together were ancient enemies. Often, a single coherent ethnic group would be divided across several of the contrived nation-states. One African nation was heralded as an exception--perhaps THE exception to these contrivances. That was Somalia, which was ethnically, religiously, linguistically, and culturally homogeneous. Somalia's population was almost entirely ethnic Somalis--Sunni Muslims who spoke a common language. And the vast majority of ethnic Somalis lived in Somalia. Somalia and the Somali people also possessed a stunning piece of coastline along one of earth's busiest trade routes. Surely, observers thought, Somalia had the makings of an exception to Africa's pattern of economic and social collapse. And yet ... ... Somalia ultimately descended into fractious internal warfare among rival warlords; the country became the exemplar of the term "failed state."

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AR's avatar

"Of course, all of this splintered, scattered thinking is a manifestation of the wars among the powers and principalities that rule over each ethnic group. They are doing what they’ve always done: using their human proxies to sow fear, discord, violence, and to jockey for position over other ethnicities." Thank you as always for this reminder to see through the correct "lens". It instantly makes everything make sense. And reminds believers who we really eternally are and to whom we belong.

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